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Ishme-Dagan I
Ishme-Dagan I was the son of Shamshi-Adad I, an Amorite king of the Upper Mesopotamian Empire. Shamshi-Adad I ruled from his capital of Shubat-Enlil, and installed his elder son, Ishme-Dagan, in Ekallatum, and made the younger, Yasmah-Adad, king of Mari. Ishme-Dagan ruled the area of the upper Tigris, including the city-state of Assur, until being ousted by Hammurabi of Babylon. The Assyrian king list credits Ishme-Dagan with a rule of 40 years.
==Family Correspondence==
A number of letters relating the familial relationships between Shamshi-Adad and his two sons have been excavated, and these letters provide a glimpse into the tensions of this family of rulers. Shamshi-Adad often praised his oldest, while chiding his youngest. Ishme-Dagan appears to have been “a forceful soldier not afraid to risk his own skin,” a quality which allowed Shamshi-Adad to rely on him unhesitatingly. Shamshi-Adad’s correspondence to his younger son is not as generous (see Yasmah-Adad for examples), and Ishme-Dagan appears to have picked up his father’s censure of his younger brother and contributed to it, as other letters attest; in one, Ishme-Dagan asks his brother, “Why are you setting up a wail about this thing? That is not great conduct”.
Other letters may reinforce the idea that Ishme-Dagan shared his father’s distaste for Yasmah-Adad’s conduct; in one letter, Ishme-Dagan bluntly commands Yasmah-Adad to “show some sense”. In another, Ishme-Dagan tells his brother to stop writing their father directly, and use him as an intermediary. The reasons behind this move could be political, as a way for Ishme-Dagan to gain more political standing with their father, or perhaps Ishme-Dagan was sincere in his desire to help his brother appear more competent in their father’s eyes.
In addition to letters whose authorship can be verified to Ishme-Dagan, Shamshi-Adad and Yasmah-Adad, there have been letters attributed to this family that were not written by them. One such letter caused issues in Bronze Age chronology, as it allowed historians to place dates on Hammurabi. The letter was purportedly from Ishme-Dagan, writing to his brother after their father had died, and states, “I acceded to my father’s throne, but having been very busy, I haven’t sent you my news. Now you are my brother, and aside from you I have no brother. I will make peace with any city or king that you take as a vassal. Don’t ever worry. Your throne is yours to keep”. This letter led historians to believe that Yasmah-Adad held the throne of Mari for a while after his father died, but this letter was proven to actually be from Ishme-Addu of Ashnakku, written to Ibal-Addu of Ashlakka, thus disproving many chronologies that had been based on the letter.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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